|
R
i
s
k
F
a
c
t
o
r
s
|
- Rebelliousness
- Friends who
engage in the problem behavior
- Favorable
attitudes about the problem behavior
- Early initiation
of the problem behavior
- Negative
relationships with adults
- Risk taking
propensity/impulsivity
|
- Association
with delinquent peers who use or value dangerous substances
- Association
with peers who reject mainstream activities and pursuits
- Susceptibility
to negative peer pressure
- Strong external
locus of control
|
- Family history
of high-risk behavior
- Family management
problems
- Family conflict
- Parental
attitudes and involvement in the problem behavior
|
- Early and persistent antisocial behavior
- Academic failure beginning in elementary school
- Low commitment to school
|
- Availability of drugs
- Commmunity laws, norms, favorable toward drug
use
- Extreme econoomic and social deprivation
- Transition and mobility
- Low neighborhood attachment and community disorganization
|
- Impoverishment
- Unemployment
and underemployment
- Discrimination
- Pro drug-use
messages in the media
|
|
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e
F
a
c
t
o
r
s
|
- Opportunities
for prosocial involvement
- Rewards/recognition
for prosocial involvement
- Healthy beliefs
and clear standards for behavior
- Positive
sense of self
- Negative
attitudes about drugs
- Positive
relationships with adults
|
- Association
with peers who are involved in school, recreation, service, religion,
or other organized activities
|
- Bonding
- Healthy beliefs
and clear standards for behavior
- High parental
expectations
- A sense of
basic trust
- Positive
family dynamics
|
- Opportunities
for prosocial involvement
- Rewards/recognition
for prosocial involvement
- Healthy beliefs
and clear standards for behavior
- Caring and
suppoort from teachers and staff
- Positive
instructional climate
|
- Opportunities
for participation as active members of the community
- Decreasing
substance accessibility
- Cutural norms
that set high expectations for youth
- Social networks
and support systems within the community
|
- Media literacy (resistance
to pro-use messages)
- Decreased accesibility
- Increased pricing
through taxation
- Raised purchasing
age and enforcement
- Stricter driving-while-under-the-influence
laws.
|